Reliability and dependability standards provide quick guides for reliability details. They are an efficient method for avoiding the not invented here (NIH) syndrome. A wide variety of subjects are available from IEC (International Electrical Congress) TC-56 subcommittee for publications (Technical Committee 56 is responsible for dependability issues driven by a strategic policy statement).
IEC defines dependability as- “Dependability describes the availability performance and its influencing factors: reliability performance, maintainability performance and maintenance support performance”. The committee was formed in 1965 as TC 56 Reliability and Maintainability and the title was changed to Dependability in 1989 and in 1990 it was agreed that the scope should no longer be limited to the electrotechnical field but should address generic dependability issues across all disciplines. TC 56 is attempting to minimize standards and duplication by cross-committee membership with organizations such as IEEE and ASQ. Some of the 50 IEC publications are:
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Barringer
& Associates, Inc. is not affiliated with IEC nor do we stock their
publications—you can procure most of the following documents from IEC as
downloadable PDF’s from their website store at http://www.iec.ch.
Dependability
management:
IEC
60300-1 (2003-06) Dependability management-Part 1 (17 pages, ~US$52)
Dependability management
systems. Deals with
dependability performance issues including availability performance,
reliability performance, maintainability performance, and maintenance support
performance.
IEC
60300-2 (2004-03) Dependability management-Part 2
(103 pages, ~US$92)
Provides guidelines for
dependability management of product design, development, evaluation and process
enhancements. Life cycle models are used
to describe product development or project phases. Applicable for detailed planning and
implementation of a dependability program to meet specific product needs.
IEC 60300-3-1 (2003-01) Dependability
management-Part 3-1 (59 pages, ~US$117)
Application guide-Analysis
techniques for dependability-Guide on methodology. Describes a general
overview of common dependability analysis techniques along with
advantages/disadvantages for choosing the appropriate method.
IEC
60300-3-2 (2004-11-10) Dependability management-Part 3 (79 pages, US$114)
Application guide-Section 2: Collection of dependability
data from the field. Describes
guidelines for the collection of data relating to reliability, maintainability,
availability, and maintenance support performance in the field.
IEC
60300-3-3 (2004-07) Dependability management-Part 3
(127 pages, ~US$147)
Application guide-Section 3: Life cycle costing. This part of IEC 60300 provides a general
introduction to the concept of life cycle costing and covers all
applications. This standard is intended
for general application by both customers (users) and suppliers of
products. It explains the purpose and
value of life cycle costing and outlines the general approaches involved. It also identifies typical life cycle cost
elements to facilitate project and programme
planning.
IEC
60300-3-4 (2007-09) Dependability management-Part 3-4
(71 pages, ~US$120)
Guide to the specification of
dependability requirements.
IEC
60300-3-5 (2001-03) Dependability management-Part 3-5 (139
pages, ~US$137)
Application guide-Reliability test conditions and
statistical test principles. Describes
guidelines for planning and performing reliability tests and the use of
statistical methods to discover weaknesses in the design that could be
corrected to improve performance, quality, safety, robustness, reliability,
availability, and reduce costs.
IEC
60300-3-6 (1997-11) Dependability
management-Part 3-6 (59 pages, ~US$73)
Application guide-Section 6: Software aspects of
dependability. Describes
dependability elements and tasks for systems or products containing software. —This document has been withdrawn in 2004 and
replaced by IEC 60300-2
for Dependability Management-Part 2: Guidelines for dependability management.
IEC
60300-3-7 (1999-05) Dependability management-Part 3-7
(69 pages, ~US$82)
Application guide-Reliability stress screening of
electronic hardware. Describes and
application guide to reliability stress screening for electronic hardware. This
document was withdrawn in 2007 and replace by IEC
61163-1 for Reliability stress screening-Part 1: Repairable assemblies
manufactured in lots and IEC
61163-2 for Reliability stress screening-Part 2: Electronic components.
IEC
60300-3-9 (1995-12)
Dependability management-Part 3 (67 pages, ~US$82)
Application guide-Section 9: Risk analysis of
technological systems. Describes guidelines for selecting and implementing risk analysis
techniques for quality and consistency in planning and execution for risk
analysis. Withdrawn and replaced by IEC/ISO
31010 Risk management-Risk assessment techniques published November 2009.
IEC
60300-3-10 (2001-01) Dependability management-Part 3-10
(67 pages, ~US$82)
Application guide-Maintainability. Describes implementation of
a maintainability program.
IEC
60300-3-11 (1999-03) Dependability management-Part 3-11
(107 pages, ~US$117)
Application guide-Reliability centered maintenance. Describes development of a
preventive maintenance program using RCM techniques.
IEC
60300-3-12 (2011-02) Dependability management-Part 3-12
(104 pages, ~US$101)
Application guide-Integrated logistic support.
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Life Cycle Costs
IEC
60300-3-3 (2004-07)
Dependability management-Part3: Application guide-Section 3: Life cycle costing. Describes life cycle
costing concepts and general guidance for conducting life cycle cost analysis.
(127 pages, ~US$147)
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Specifications
IEC
60300-3-4 (2007-09) Dependability management-Part 3-4:
Guide to the specification of dependability requirements. (71
pages, ~US$120).
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IEC 60319 (1999-09) Presentation and specification of
reliability data for electronic components. This standard provides guidance for the
collection and presentation of data relating to the reliability of electronic
components and their reliability characteristics. It also provides guidance to users as to how
they should specify their reliability requirements to manufactures. (39 pages,
~US$72)
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IEC
60863 (1986-05) was withdrawn in 2004 and replaced by IEC 60319
also described above and IEC
61709 described below.
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IEC
61709 (2011-06) Electronic Components – Reliability – Reference conditions for failure
rates and stress models for conversion.
Describes the use of failure rate data for reliability
prediction of components in electronic equipment including the effects of
complexity, stress models for conversion. (83 pages,
~US$101).
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Design Review
IEC
61160 (2005-09) Design Review. Makes recommendations for the implementation
of design review as a means of verifying that the design input requirements
have been met and stimulating the improvement of the product’s design. The intention is for it to be applied during
the design and development phase of a product’s life cycle.
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IEC
61514-2 (2004-01) Industrial process
controls systems – Part 2: Methods of evaluating the performance of intelligent
valve positioners with pneumatic outputs which specifies design reviews and
tests intended to measure the valve characteristics.
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Analytical Techniques
IEC
60300-1 (2003-06) Dependability management-Part 1:
Dependability management systems.
Deals with dependability performance issues including availability
performance, reliability performance, maintainability performance, and
maintenance support performance. (93
pages, ~US$100)
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IEC
60812 (2006-01) Analysis techniques for system reliability – Procedure for failure
mode and effects analysis ( FMEA ). Describes FMEA and FMECA with guidance for application. (41 pages, ~US$64)
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IEC
61025 (2006-12) Fault tree analysis (FTA ) Describes fault tree analysis and provides
guidance on its application to perform an analysis, identifies appropriate
assumptions, events and failure modes, and provides identification rules and
symbols. (103 pages, US$100)
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IEC
61078 (2006-01) Analysis techniques for dependability – Reliability block diagram and
Boolean methods. Describes
procedures for modeling system reliability to calculate reliability and
availability measures and contains a standard set of symbols related to
reliability parameters. (73 pages, ~US$75)
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IEC
61165 (2006-05) Application of Markov techniques.
Describes Markov analysis methods for modeling maintenance strategies
along with failure restorations events displayed in a pictorial way. (67 pages, US$64)
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IEC
61882 (2001-05) Hazard and operability studies ( HAZOP studies
) – Application guide. Describes a guide for HAZOP studies with guide words. (113 pages, US$117)
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IEC 61649 (2008-08) Weibull Analysis, Edition 2.0.
(138 pages, ~US$235)
IEC 61649:2008 second edition
provides methods for analyzing data from a Weibull distribution using
continuous parameters such as time to failure, cycles to failures, mechanical
stress, etc. This standard is applicable
whenever data on strength parameters, e.g., times to failure, cycles, stress,
etc are available for a random sample of items operating under test condition
or in-service, for the purpose of estimating measures of reliability
performance of the population from which these item were drawn. The main changes with respect to the previous
edition are as follows: the title has been shortened and simplified to read
‘Weibull analysis’, and provision of methods for both
analytical and graphical solutions have been added.
The source document for this
revision is The New Weibull
Handbook, 5th edition, by Dr. Robert B. Abernethy.
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Reliability Growth
IEC
61014 (2003-07) Programs for reliability growth. Describes
guidelines for exposure and removal of weaknesses in hardware and software
items to make reliability grow and mathematical modeling is outlined briefly.
(61 pages, ~US$82)
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IEC
61164 (2004) Reliability growth – Statistical test and estimation methods. (55 pages, ~US$190)
This second edition
International Standard describes the power law reliability growth model and
related projection model and gives step-by-step directions for their used. There are several
reliability growth models available, the power law model being one of the most
widely used.
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IEC 61710 (2000-11) along with corrigendum
IEC
61710 Corr.1 (2001-09) Power law model – Goodness-of-fit test and
estimation methods. Describes procedures to estimate the parameters of the power law
model along with confidence intervals for failure intensity, and prediction
intervals for the time to future failures along with a test of goodness of fit
to data from repaired items. (77
pages, ~US$92)
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Reliability Testing and Statistical Principles
IEC
60300-3-5 (2001-03) Dependability management-Part 3-5:
Application guide-Reliability test
conditions and statistical test principles.
Describes guidelines for planning and performing reliability tests and
the use of statistical methods to discover weaknesses in the design that could
be corrected to improve performance, quality, safety, robustness, reliability,
availability, and reduce costs. (139 pages, ~US$137)
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IEC
60605-2 (1994-10) Equipment reliability testing-Part 2:
Design of test cycles. Describes
the design of operating eand environmental test
cycles referenced in section 8.1 and 8.2 of IEC 605-1 [which was withdrawn in
2001 and replaced by IEC60300-3-5]
(57 pages, ~US$73).
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IEC
60605-3-1 (1986-09) Equipment reliability testing-Part 3:
Preferred test conditions. Indoor portable equipment-Low degree of simulation. Describes tests for portable equipment
operated in a stationary position. (19 pages, ~US$32).
This standard has been withdrawn.
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IEC
60605-3-2 (1986-09) Equipment reliability testing- Part 3:
Preferred test conditions. Equipment for
stationary use in weather protected locations – High degree of simulation. Describes preferred test conditions given in
IEC 605-1 [which was withdrawn in 2001 and
replaced by IEC60300-3-5]
(21 pages, ~US$35).
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IEC 60605-3-3
(1992-11) Equipment reliability testing – Part 3: Preferred test conditions –
Section 3: Test Cycle 3: Equipment for stationary use in partially weather
protected locations – Low degree of simulation. Describes test cycles not intended to replace
tests for other purposes. (29 pages,
~US$42) This standard has been withdrawn.
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IEC 60605-3-4 (1992-07) Equipment
reliability testing. Part 3:
Preferred test condition. Section 4:
Test cycle 4: Equipment for portable and no-stationary use – Low degree of
simulation. Describes preferred test
conditions as give in IEC 60605-1. (33
pages, ~US$52) This standard has been withdrawn.
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IEC 60605-3-5 (1996-03) along with
corrigendum IEC
60605-3-5 Corr.1 (1996-03) Equipment
reliability testing. Part 3:
Preferred test condition. Section 5:
Test cycle 4: Ground mobile equipment – Low degree of simulation. Describes direct current (dc) powered mobile
equipment tests as give in IEC 60721-2-1.
(35 pages, ~US$52) This standard
has been withdrawn.
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IEC 60605-3-6 (1996-08) Equipment
reliability testing. Part 3:
Preferred test condition. Section 6:
Test cycle 6: Outdoor transportable equipment – Low degree of simulation. Describes testing of
outdoor transportable equipment operating in a stationary position in a “warm
temperature” as per IEC 60721-2-1.
(33 pages, ~US$52) This standard
has been withdrawn.
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IEC 60605-4 (2001-08) Equipment
reliability testing. Part 4:
Statistical procedures for exponential distribution – Point estimates,
confidence intervals, prediction intervals and tolerance intervals. Describes statistical
methods for evaluating point estimates, confidence intervals, prediction
intervals, and tolerance intervals for the failure rate of items whose time to
failure follows and exponential distribution. (65 pages, ~US$82)
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IEC
60605-6 (2007-05) along with corrigendum IEC
60605-6 Corr.1 (2000-12) Equipment reliability testing – Part 6:
Tests for the validity of the constant failure rate or constant failure
intensity assumptions. Describes
procedures to verify the assumption of a constant failure rates as defined in IEC
60050-191(1990-12) (Terminology).
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IEC 61070 (1991-11) Compliance
test procedures for steady-state availability. Describes compliance
testing techniques for availability performance testing of frequently
maintained items. (52 Pages,
~US168)
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IEC
61123 (1991-12) Reliability testing – Compliance test plans for success ratio. Describes procedures for compliance test
plans for success ratio or failure ratio tests where each trial is
statistically independent. Supersedes IEC 605-5. (61 pages, ~US$190)
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IEC
61124 (2006-03) Reliability testing – Compliance tests for constant failure rate and
constant failure intensity. Describes a number of optimized test plans, the corresponding
operating characteristic curves and expected test times. In addition the algorithms for designing test
plans using a spreadsheet program are also given, together with guidance on how
to choose test plans. This standard does
not cover guidance on how to plan, perform,
and report a test as this information can be found in IEC
60300-3-5. (139 pages, ~US$285)
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IEC 61649 (2008-08) Goodness-of-fit
tests, confidence intervals and lower confidence limits for Weibull
distribution data. Describes numerical methods for performing a Weibull goodness of
fit test for two-parameter Weibull distribution using maximum likelihood methods.
(138 pages, ~US$285)
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IEC 61650 (1997-08) Reliability
data analysis techniques – Procedures for comparison of two constant failure
rates and two constant failure (event) intensities. Describes procedures to compare two observed
failure rates, failure intensities, or rates/intensities of relevant events to
determine apparent differences between the two sets of data—contains simple
practical examples (39 pages, ~US$95)
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Sampling And Inspection Procedures
IEC
60410 (1973-01) Sampling plans and procedures for inspection by attributes. Describes plans and
procedures for inspection by attributes.
(82 pages, ~US$230)
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Reliability Stress Screening
IEC
60300-3-7 (1999-05) Dependability management-Part 3-7: Application guide-Reliability stress screening of electronic hardware. Describes and application guide to
reliability stress screening for electronic hardware. (69 pages, ~US$82) —This
document has been withdrawn in 2007 and replace
by IEC
61163-1 and IEC
61163-2 shown below.
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IEC
61163-1 Ed. 2.0 (2006-06-26) Reliability stress screening – Part 1:
Repairable items manufactured in lots.
Describes processes which are applicable for hardware items which have
unacceptably low reliability in the early failure periods and when other
methods such as reliability grow plots are not applicable. (161 pages, ~US$295)
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IEC 61163-2 (1998-11) Reliability
stress screening – Part 2: Electronic components. Describes guidance on
reliability stress screening techniques and procedures for electronic
components. (69 pages, ~US$190)
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Software Aspects of Dependability
IEC
60300-3-6 (1997-11) Dependability management-Part 3:
Application guide-Section 6:
Software aspects of dependability. Describes dependability elements and tasks for systems or products
containing software. (59 pages,
~US$170) This document was withdrawn in 2004 and
replaced by IEC
60300-2 .
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IEC
61713 (2000-06) Software dependability through the software life-cycle
process-Application guide, Describes activities to achieve dependable
software to support IEC 60300-3-6 (1997-11) (withdrawn
and replaced by IEC
60300-2) and the guide is useful for acquires, supplies, developers,
operators/maintainers of software.
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Maintainability And
Maintenance Support
IEC
60300-3-10 (2001-01) Dependability management-Part 3-10:
Application guide-Maintainability. Describes implementation of
a maintainability program. (67 pages, ~US$82)
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IEC 60706-1 (1982-01)
Guide on maintainability of equipment. Part 1-
Section One, Two and Three. Introduction, requirements and maintainability program.
Describes the concept of maintainability, the general approach for
maintainability, and gives maintainability objectives. (39 pages, ~US$57). Withdrawn in 2006 and replaced by IEC 60706-2
(2006-03-20) see below.
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IEC 60706-2 (2006-03-20) Maintainability
of equipment-Part 2-Maintainability requirements and studies during the design
and development phase. Describes
maintainability requirements and related design and use parameter, and
discusses some activities necessary to achieve the required maintainability
characteristics and their relationship to planning of maintenance. It described the general approach in reaching
these objectives and shows ho maintainability characteristics should be
specified in a requirements document or contract. It is not intended to be a complete guide on
how to specify or to contract for maintainability. It’s purpose is to
define the range of considerations when maintainability characteristics re
included as requirements for the development or the acquisition of an
item. (101 pages, ~US$145)
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IEC 60706-3 (2006-04-27) Maintainability
of equipment. Part 3: Verification and collection, analysis and
presentation of data. Describes
aspects of verification necessary to ensure that the specified maintainability
requirements of an item have been met and provides suitable procedures and test
methods. This standard also addresses
the collection, analysis and presentation of maintainability related data,
which may be required during, and at the completion of, design and during item
production and operation. (75 pages,
~US$145)
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IEC 60706-4 (1992-09)
Guide on maintainability of equipment. Part 4-
Section 8: Maintenance and maintenance support planning. Describes the tasks required for planning of
maintenance and maintenance support—also describes the interface between
reliability, maintainability and maintenance support planning. (63 pages, ~US$82) Withdrawn in 2004 by TC/CS
56 committee. Replaced by IEC 60300-3-14
Ed 1.0 (2004).
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IEC 60706-5 (2007-09) Guide
on maintainability of equipment.
Part 5: Testability and diagnostic testing.
(126 pages, ~US$185)
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IEC 60706-6 (1994-12)
Guide on maintainability of equipment. Part 6-
Section 9: Statistical methods in maintainability evaluation. Describes techniques
covering quantitative aspects of maintainability. (41 pages, ~US$64). Replaced in 2006 by IEC 60706-3
(2006-04-27)
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Reliability Centered Maintenance
IEC
60300-3-11 (2003-01) Dependability management-Part 3-11:
Application guide-Reliability centered
maintenance. Describes
development of a preventive maintenance program using RCM techniques.
(107 pages, ~US$190)
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Integrated Logistic Support
IEC
60300-3-12 (2011-02) Dependability management-Part 3-12:
Application guide-Integrated logistic
support. Describes
an application guide for the purchaser/supplier to complete product life cycle. (104 pages, ~US$255)
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Risk Analysis
IEC
60300-3-9 (1995-12) Dependability management-Part 3:
Application guide-Section 9: Risk
analysis of technological systems. Describes guidelines for selecting and implementing risk analysis
techniques for quality and consistency in planning and execution for risk
analysis. (67 pages, ~US$190) This standard has been withdrawn.
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Risk Management
IEC
62198 (2001-04) Project risk management – Application guidelines. Describes
a general introduction to project risk management, its sub-processes and
influencing factors, and provides guidelines for implementing risk management
at various phases of a project. (37
pages, ~US$95)
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Collection And Presentation of Dependability
Data
IEC
60300-3-2 (2004-11) Dependability management-Part 3:
Application guide-Section 2:
Collection of dependability data from the field. Describes guidelines for
the collection of data relating to reliability, maintainability, availability,
and maintenance support performance in the field. (79 pages, US$210)
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Also refer to following documents for
data collection:
ISO
14224:2006 Petroleum, petrochemical
and natural gas industries—Collection and exchange of reliability and
maintenance data for equipment..
(170 pages, ~US$250)
ISO 14224.2006 provides a
comprehensive basis for the collection of reliability and maintenance (RM) data
in a standard format for equipment in all facilities and operations within the
petroleum, natural gas and petrochemical industries during the operational life
cycle of equipment. It describes
data-collection principles and associated terms and definitions that constitute
a “reliability language” that can be useful for communicating operational
experience. The failure modes defined in
ISO 14224.206 can be used as a “reliability thesaurus” for various quantitative
as well as qualitative applications. ISO
14224.2006 also describes data quality control and assurance practices to provide
guidance for the users.
Standardization of
data-collection practices facilitates the exchange of information between
parties, e.g. plants, owners, manufacturers and contractors. ISO 14224.2006 establishes requirements that
nay in-house or commercially available RM data system is required to meet when
designed for RM data exchange. Examples,
guidelines, and principles for the exchange and merging of such RM data are
addressed.
ISO 14224.2006 recommends a
minimum amount of data that is required to be collected and focuses on the two
main issues: data requirements for the type of data to be collected for use in
various analysis methodologies and standardized data format to facilitate the
exchange of reliability and maintenance data between plants, owners,
manufactures and contractors.
The following main categories
of data are to be collected: equipment data, e.g. equipment taxonomy, equipment
attributes, failure data, e.g. failure causes, failure consequence, maintenance
data, e.g. maintenance action, resources used, maintenance consequence, down
time.
ISO 14224.2006 does not apply
to data on (direct) cost issues, data from laboratory testing and manufacturing
(e.g. accelerated lifetime testing): complete equipment data sheets (only data
seen relevant for assessing the reliability performance are included);
additional on-service data that an operator, on an individual basis, can
consider useful for operation and maintenance; and methods for analyzing and
applying RM data (however, principles for how to calculate some basic
reliability and maintenance parameters are included).
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Process
Equipment Reliability Database (PERD) with taxonomies
and technical papers are available. PERD
publications are available for sale and download. This project for the process industry
pertains to data collection and analysis.
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IEC 60319 (1990-09) Presentation
and specification of reliability data for electronic components. Describes data needed to characterizing
reliability of components and gives guidance to users how to specify their
reliability requirements to manufacturers.
(39 pages, ~US$57)
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Miscellaneous
IEC
60050-191(1990-12) International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary, Chapter 191: Dependability and quality of service (149 pages,
~US$285)
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IEC
61703 (2001-09) Mathematical expressions for reliability, availability, maintainability
and maintenance support terms (103 pages, ~US$255)
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